Git commands

Grouped by what you are trying to do rather than alphabetically, because that is how you look them up under pressure.

16 entries

Inspecting

Command	What it does
git status -sb	Short status with branch and tracking info
git log --oneline --graph --decorate	Readable history with branch topology
git diff --staged	What is actually about to be committed
git blame -L 10,20 file	Who last touched those lines, and when

Undoing

The first three are safe. The last rewrites history.

Command	What it does
git restore file	Discard unstaged changes to a file
git restore --staged file	Unstage without losing the edit
git revert <sha>	New commit undoing an old one — safe on shared branches
git reset --hard <sha>	Move the branch and destroy working changes. No undo.

Branching

Command	What it does
git switch -c feature/x	Create and move to a branch
git rebase -i HEAD~5	Reorder, squash or reword the last five commits
git cherry-pick <sha>	Apply one commit onto the current branch
git push --force-with-lease	Force push that refuses if someone else pushed first

Rescue

Command	What it does
git reflog	Every position HEAD has held. Almost nothing is truly lost.
git stash push -m 'wip'	Shelve changes with a label
git bisect start	Binary search the history for the commit that broke it
git fsck --lost-found	Recover dangling objects after a bad reset

--force-with-lease should be your default over --force: it aborts if the remote moved, which is exactly the case where forcing destroys someone else's work.